Part SEVEN

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Section SEVEN PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT AND LEADING TEAMS

Learning Objectives Understand when and why investment ought to be utilized to enhance authority adequacy. Clarify the part of culture in the utilization and accomplishment of participative initiative. Indicate the components of successful assignment. Elucidate the part of authority in self-oversaw groups. 5. Explain the standards of super-and self-authority.

Traditional association Team-based association Occasional utilization of groups and representative investment High administration Control – No worker Participation Total designation High representative Participation The Continuum of Participation Organizational Structure Management Control

Criteria for Use of Participation When the errand is mind boggling and quality is imperative When supporter duty is required When there is time When the pioneer and devotee are prepared When the pioneer and adherents can without much of a stretch connect

Benefits of Participation Development of devotees Better choice on complex undertakings Increase in devotee inspiration and responsibility Opportunity to enable supporters

Guidelines For Good Delegation Delegate lovely and upsetting errands Clarify objectives and desires Delegate specialist alongside obligation Provide bolster Monitor and give input Delegate to various adherents

Excuses For Not Delegating "My devotees are not prepared." "They don't not have what it takes." "I am awkward appointing my undertakings." "I can carry out the employment speedier myself." "My supporters are excessively occupied." "I am in charge of my supporters botches." "My own particular administrator may think I am not buckling sufficiently down."

TEAMS

Characteristics Of Teams Members are completely dedicated to shared objectives they create Members are commonly responsible to each other Members believe each other Collaborative culture Shared initiative in light of assistance Synergy

Self-Managed Teams Power to deal with their own particular work Members with various aptitude and experience No outside director and energy to actualize group choices Coordination with different groups Internal authority in view of help

Elements of Super Leadership Developing constructive and persuading thought designs Personal objective setting Observation and self-assessment Self-fortification control and checking

Trust Building Trust Open correspondence Integrity Rewarding participation Mutual regard And bolster Competence And diligent work Fairness and value

Continue to do genuine work Assess group abilities Counsel and energize Obtain required preparing Help characterize assignments and objectives SELF-MANAGED TEAM Help create usage arrange Clarify group limits Manage struggle and connections Observe from a separation Team Leadership Roles

Characteristics of a Well-Functioning, Effective Group Relaxed, agreeable, casual climate People express sentiments & thoughts Task surely knew & acknowledged Consensus basic leadership Members listen well & take part Group mindful of its operation & work Clear assignments made & acknowledged Conflict & contradiction revolve around thoughts or strategies

Group Behavior Norms of conduct - the benchmarks that a work bunch uses to assess the conduct of its individuals Group union - the "interpersonal paste" that makes individuals from a gathering stick together Social loafing - the disappointment of a gathering part to contribute individual time, exertion, musings, or different assets to the gathering Loss of uniqueness - a social procedure in which singular gathering individuals lose mindfulness & its going with feeling of responsibility, restraint, and obligation regarding singular conduct

Formal gatherings - official or relegated bunches accumulated to perform different assignments require ethnic, sexual orientation, social, and interpersonal differences require proficient and land assorted qualities Informal gatherings - informal or rising gatherings that advance in the work setting to satisfy an assortment of part needs not met by formal gatherings Group Formation

Stages of Group Formation Mutual acknowledgment Focus is on the interpersonal relations among the individuals Decision settling on Focus is on basic leadership exercises identified with errands Motivation & responsibility Focus on self-and gathering inspiration, execution, accomplishment Control & sanctions Focus on successful, productive unit

Joining Groups Security Status Self-Esteem Affiliation Power Goal Achievement

Stages of Group Development Prestage 1 Stage I Forming Stage II Storming Stage III Norming Stage V Adjourning Stage IV Performing

Group Behavior Model External Conditions Imposed on the Group Member Resources Group Structure Group Process Group Task Performance and Satisfaction

External Conditions Imposed on the Group Organizational Strategy Authority Structures Formal Regulations Organizational Resources Personnel Selections Process Organizational Culture Physical Work Setting

Group Leaders Department Manager Supervisors Foreman Project Leaders Task Force Head Chairperson Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Group Roles Definition: Set of expected conduct design, ascribed to somebody possessing a given position in a social unit Role Identity Role Perception Role Expectations Role Conflict

Groups Pass Through Task-Oriented and Relationship-Oriented Stages. A few Groups Get Stuck at Certain Stages and Become Dysfunctional STAGE 1 Orientation (Forming) Orientation to Task Testing and Dependence STAGE 2 Redefinition (Storming) Emotional Response to the Demands of the Task Intragroup Conflict STAGE 3 Coordination (Norming) Open Exchange of Relevant Information Development of Group Cohesion STAGE 4 Formalization (Performing) Emergence of a Solution Functional Roles Emerge Dissolution of Group STAGE 5 Termination (Adjourning)

Groups Change Their Ways of Working at Midstream, Focusing More Clearly on Their Goal and Becoming More Effective PROJECT DEADLINE PROJECT STARTS TRANSITION Perform Original Behaviors Perform New, More Effective Behaviors Drop Old Behaviors 0% half 100% TIME EXPENDED

Managers Should Consider Six Factors in Choosing Group or Individual Decision Making Factor Group Individual Type of issue or errand Acceptance of choice Quality of the arrangement Characteristics of people When proficiency is sought When acknowledgment is not vital When a "best part" can be recognized When people can't team up When differing learning and aptitudes are required When acknowledgment by gathering individuals is esteemed When the contribution of a few gathering individuals can im-demonstrate the arrangement When bunch individuals have encountered cooperating

Managers Should Consider Six Factors in Choosing Group or Individual Decision Making (Cont.) Individual Factor Group When the way of life backings amass critical thinking When moderately additional time is accessible Organizational culture Amount of time accessible When culture is aggressive When generally little time is accessible Table 6-1b

Cohesiveness & Productivity Highly strong gatherings are by and large more beneficial Cohesiveness diminishes pressure and gives a steady domain Group standards assume an essential part in cohesiveness

Setting Standards Group individuals help to create, take after, and uphold the guidelines, strategies, and techniques of the gathering. Such standards may extend from straightforward ones, such as starting on time, to more unpredictable approaches, for example, methods to land at accord. Mission Values Logistical Arrangements Decision Making Conflict

Group Cohesiveness Time Spent Together Severity of Initiation Group Size External Threats Previous Successes

Groupthink

Irving Janis' Model Antecedent Conditions + Cohesiveness  Groupthink Symptoms Groupthink Symptoms  Low Probability of Success

Groupthink Characteristics Powerful Social Pressures Concurrence Seeking Dehumanizing Solutions Suppression of Deviant Thoughts Stress

Managers Should Avoid Groupthink in Making Decisions With Groups Symptom Description Members feel they are sheltered and shielded from risks, segregation, or incapable activity. Individuals disregard notices by legitimizing their own or others' conduct. Individuals trust their activities are naturally moral and moral. Individuals see adversaries as really malevolent or moronic and along these lines unworthy of or uncouth at arrangements around contrasts in convictions or positions. Individuals weight all people in the gathering to fit in with the cooperative choice's; they permit no scrutinizing or contending of choices. Insusceptibility Rationalization Morality Stereotyping Pressure

Managers Should Avoid Groupthink in Making Decisions With Groups (Cont.) Symptom Description Members don't scrutinize the cooperative choice's. Individuals see that everybody in the gathering has a similar view. Individuals may keep antagonistic data from different individuals that may destroy their view of accord and the successful choice. Self-restriction Unanimity "Mindguarding" Table 6-2b

Major Changes in Leadership Occur as Teams Become Self-Directed STAGE 5 Self-Directed Teams STAGE 4 Tightly Formed Teams STAGE 3 Leader-Centered Teams STAGE 2 Sate of Confusion STAGE 1 Start-Up

Mangers Can Use Three Points of Leverage to Enhance Group Task Performance Points of Leverage Process Criteria of Effectiveness Organizational Context Coaching and Consultation Group Structure Motivational struc-ture of gathering assignment Group arrangement Remedying coor-dination issues and building bunch duty Remedying inap-propriate "weight-ing" of part information sources and encourage ing broadly educating A