Social liberties

Presentation Transcript

Social equality 1950 - 1968

Where did lawful isolation originate from? Plessy v. Ferguson The condition of Louisiana instituted a law that required separate railroad autos for blacks and whites.

Plessy v. Ferguson In 1892, Homer Adolph Plessy- - who was seven-eighths Caucasian- - sat down in a "whites only" auto of a Louisiana prepare. He declined to move to the auto saved for blacks and was captured.

Supreme Court decided that what happened to Mr. Plessy was lawful " Separate yet measure up to " turned into the administer of law. that different offices for blacks and whites fulfilled the Fourteenth Amendment inasmuch as they were equivalent. (The expression, "separate however equal" was not some portion of the supposition.)

Separate Schools

Separate Seating

Separate Water Fountains

Early " Cracks " In the Segregation Divides 1947 – Brooklyn Dodgers was the first to employ a " shaded " player. JACKIE ROBINSON Most Valuable Player 1949. Numerous other African Americans started to join what had been " white just " sports.

The NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Legal Affairs group looked for arguments to battle against isolation in the courts. Rosa Parks was spoken to by the NAACP.

The NAACP: " Mr. Social liberties " Thurgood Marshall 1908 - 1993 Took on " Separate yet meet " laws as illegal.

What in the long run happened to Thurgood Marshall? In the first place African American Supreme Court Justice in 1967. Served until his passing in 1993.

Brown v. Leading body of Education 1951 Topeka, Kansas Segregated Schools 8 year old Linda Brown tries to go to class.

1954: US Supreme Court runs on Brown v. Leading body of Education Unanimous choice. Isolated however equivalent is unlawful. Requested integration of Topeka schools " with all think speed. "

Linda Brown today Works for St. Louis Public Schools as a clerical specialist.

Public Reaction to Brown v. Leading group of Education? African Americans cheered Some whites considered a quiet integration

Public Reaction to Brown v. Leading group of Education? The Klan did NOT endorse. Klan savagery went up against African Americans and other people who bolstered the progressions.

Public Reaction to Brown v. Leading body of Education? " The great individuals of Georgia won't endure the blending of the races in the government funded schools or whatever other expense bolstered foundations. " Governor Herman Talmadge

90 Members of CONGRESS restricted together to make the " Southern Manifesto " We promise ourselves to utilize every single legitimate intend to realize an inversion of this choice, which is in opposition to the Constitution, and to keep the utilization of compel in its usage. "

Notes on the Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr. MLK sorted out PASSIVE RESISTANCE development.

Montgomery Bus Boycott endured a YEAR 50,000 African Americans declined to get on the transports Even however the transport administration was losing cash – regardless they declined to surrender. Incomparable Court requested the integration of transports in 1956.

Resistance in Little Rock, Arkansas Fall of 1957, Governor Faubus posted National Guard troops around Central High School to dismiss 9 African American understudies who would go to.

15-year old Elizabeth Eckford The National Guardsman frowned at me with a mean look and I was exceptionally alarmed and didn " t comprehend what to do.

15-year old Elizabeth Eckford " I pivoted and the group came toward me. They drew nearer and nearer. Some person began hollering " Lynch her! Lynch her! " I attempted to see an amicable face some place in the swarm – somebody who perhaps would offer assistance. "

15-year old Elizabeth Eckford " I investigated the substance of an old lady and it appeared a kind face, however when I took a gander at her once more, she spat on me. "

Eisenhower " s Reaction Saw what was going on in Little Rock as a test to government expert (the President " s and the Supreme Court " s) Ordered US warriors to escort the children to class.

Other Voices of Protest 1947 – Mexican Americans sued to have the capacity to go to an indistinguishable schools from whites. Local Americans challenged strategies of " end " of reservations.

Leaders and Strategies of the Civil Rights Movement NAACP Interracial gathering Appealed for the most part to individuals with training. National Urban League Helped African Americans moving from the South to discover employments and homes. Center Interracial Organized serene challenges against isolation.

Leaders and Strategies of the Civil Rights Movement SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference 1957 – made by Martin Luther King, Jr. also, different pastors needing social liberties changes. Utilization of peaceful challenge.

SCLC was diverse It was basically centered around the South and was not overwhelmed by African Americans/whites from the North. Utilized Gandhi " s thoughts on peacefulness as the best way to accomplish triumph against more grounded enemies.

Leaders and Strategies of the Civil Rights Movement MARTIN LUTHER KING, Jr. 1929 – 1968 Son and grandson of Baptist priests. Had white companions as a youngster yet at school age got to be distinctly mindful of isolation.

MLK Eloquent and moving. Gave a case of pride in spite of all the preference around him. Captured, beaten physically and verbally ordinarily. Nobel Prize for Peace in 1964

MLK

Martin Luther King Assassination April 1968 Memphis, Tennessee Came to offer support to the striking trash collectors. Prophetic Speech the night prior to his demise.

The Killer? James Earl Ray Caught in 1969 Sentenced to 99 years. At the finish of his life, met with King " s child and said he hadn " t been separated from everyone else in the executing.

Nonviolence as a type of dissent Those who battle for equity should calmly decline to obey uncalled for laws. MUST stay peaceful, paying little heed to responses. Required TREMENDOUS valor and teach.

17 Rules for Nonviolent Protest " Pray for direction and submit yourself to finish peacefulness in word and activity as you enter the transport … Be sufficiently adoring to assimilate underhanded and sufficiently seeing to transform an adversary into a companion. "

17 Rules for Nonviolent Protest " If reviled, don't revile back. On the off chance that pushed, don't push back. In the event that struck, don't strike back, however confirm love and cooperative attitude at all circumstances …

17 Rules for Nonviolent Protest " If someone else is being attacked, don't emerge to go to his guard, yet appeal to God for the oppressor and utilize good and profound constrain to bear on the battle for equity. "

SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Students who needed to be in the Civil Rights development. Didn " t need to be a piece of chapel pioneers work. Looked for more quick change than the SCLC did. Interracial at first.

The Struggle Intensifies " As a youngster in the provincial Mississippi town of Centreville, I grew up pondering what " the white people " mystery " was. " There homes were extensive and delightful with indoor toilets. Each house I ever lived in was a maybe a couple room shack with an open air latrine. " Anne Moody - SNCC

Anne Moody (cont.) " I was shocked when 14-year old Emmett Till, going by from Chicago, was executed in Mississippi for shrieking at a white lady. "

Anne Moody (cont.) " After I was imprisoned for my contribution in the Civil Rights showings, it wasn " t as awful as the response I got from home. "

Anne Moody " My mom, apprehensive for the lives of her relatives, implored me to end my inclusion. " My sibling was thrashed and practically lynched by a gathering of white young men. "

Anne Moody " The neighborhood sheriff cautioned me never to come back to the place where I grew up. " My sister irately disclosed to me that my activism was debilitating the lives of each hued in Centreville. "

Sit-ins Challenge Segregation Sitting-in a place and disturbing business until they were served or captured.

Sit-ins It was a Woolworth in the heart of the downtown zone, and we possessed each seat at the lunch counter, every seat in the eatery … .

Sit-ins " A gathering of youthful white men came in and they began pulling and beating basically the young ladies. They put lit cigarettes down their backs, in their hair, and they were truly beating individuals. "

Sit-ins " In a brief span, police authorities came in and put every one of us in custody, and not a solitary individual from the white gathering., the general population that were restricting our sit-in was captured. " John Lewis

Sit-ins MLK called support a " Badge of Honor " 70,000 took an interest before the finish of 1960. 3,600 had been captured. Individuals were seeing how wrong isolation was.

The Freedom Rides 1960, Supreme Court decided that interstate transport isolation was illicit. Protestors chose to " test " this in " Freedom Rides " in 1961

As they went into the Deep South inconveniences happened. Anniston, Alabama, white swarm assaulted the transport in the terminal, then took after, boarded the transport, crippled it, shut the entryway and banned it and tossed a firebomb into the transport.

Freedom Ride Through a broken window the understudies got away, yet were beaten by the crowd.

Freedom Ride There were musings of canceling it, however rather it was chosen to send more transports. Savagery in Birmingham and Montgomery. More volunteers arrived.

Freedom Ride Finally, Attorney General Robert Kennedy saw the need to send Fed