RTI Global is an exchange name of Examination Triangle Establishment

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Google Earth and Statistical Trends Analysis Tools Brandon Bergenroth, Jay Rineer, Breda Munoz and William Cooter (RTI) Dwane Young (EPA OW) Dwight Atkinson (EPA OW/AWPD) RTI International is an exchange name of Research Triangle Institute 3040 Cornwallis Road ��  P.O. Box 12194 ��  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA 27709 Phone 919-316-3537 email bbergenroth@rti.org

Statistical Trend Analysis for STORET DATA

New STORET Tools (Services) Simplify Pulling Data for Trend Analysis Trends examination recognizes debasement patterns for waters that warrant assurance to stay away from 303(d) posting Trend investigation likewise report incremental enhancements indicating progress in reestablishing debilitated waters

Seasonal Kendall tests a typical device to affirm obvious pattern designs Seasonal Kendall tests supported by the USGS, EPA ORD, and numerous college specialists Valuable where parameter demonstrate fluctuation identified with regular changes in temperature or changes in streams Can suit some level of "edited perceptions (beneath identification restrains or missing qualities)

Trend examination capacities/modules like ESTREND (USGS) and Kendall (S-PLUS) officially actualized in the open source R.

R is bolstered by EPA through EMAP and through activities, for example, NCEA's CADDIS

R-based Trend Analysis utilizing STORET waterway/stream station information Scatter plots for information arrangement of customary and lethal parameters Seasonal Kendall test can be utilized to evaluate regular patterns

Non Parametric Statistic Tests Non parametric measurement tests allude to the gathering of measurement tests that don't require any suspicion on the appropriation of the information. They are additionally referred to in the measurement writing as appropriation free tests and dissemination autonomous tests. Moreover, non parametric tests have couple of hidden suppositions and tend to move in the relative qualities (e.g. positions) of the perceptions rather than the size of the perceptions. Most non parametric tests were intended to evaluate the nearness or nonattendance of a given measurement trademark (e.g. incline) and accordingly don't give the size of the measurement normal for intrigue. Hence, a few analysts group them as exploratory information systems. They are frequently utilized as a part of theory testing (e.g. presence of patterns) and in this way considered as corroborative information investigation instruments.

MannKendall Let: be a succession of estimations after some time, to test the invalid theory, : originate from a populace where the arbitrary factors are autonomous and indistinguishably circulated, : take after a monotonic (e.g. expanding or diminishing) incline after some time. The Mann-Kendall test measurement is figured as where S is asymptotically regularly conveyed. The mean and difference of S are given by where p is the quantity of tied gatherings in the information set and is the quantity of information focuses in the j th tied gathering.

MannKendall A positive estimation of S demonstrates that there is an upward (expanding) incline (e.g. perceptions increment with time). A negative estimation of S implies that there is a descending (diminishing) slant. On the off chance that S is fundamentally not quite the same as zero, then in light of the information can be rejected at a pre-chosen criticalness level and the presence of a monotonic pattern can be acknowledged. Take note of that S is a check of the quantity of times for j k , more than . The most extreme estimation of S (called it D ) happens when . Kendall's tau is characterized as where

MannKendall The conveyance of Kendall's tau can be effortlessly acquired from the dispersion of S. A positive estimation of tau demonstrates that there is an upward (expanding) incline (e.g. perceptions increment with time). A negative estimation of tau implies that there is a descending (diminishing) slant. On the off chance that tau is fundamentally not the same as zero (e.g. esteem under 0.05 at the 5% centrality level or under 0.01 at the 1% hugeness level), then in light of the information, can be rejected at a pre-chosen noteworthiness level (e.g. alpha = 5%) and the presence of a monotonic pattern can be acknowledged. Take note of that the test just permits the product client to finish up about the presence not about the greatness of the pattern.

Getting Results Using STORET Data Warehouse STORET Station Descriptions Stations by Geographic Location http://iaspub.epa.gov/stormoda/DW_stationcriteria Stations by Organization and Station ID http://iaspub.epa.gov/stormoda/DW_stationcriteria_STN

Visualizing Results Transform content results to KML Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is a XML based dialect for portraying three-dimensional geospatial information and its show in application programs. KML is bolstered in GoogleEarth, GoogleMaps and Microsoft VirtualEarth http://code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation

Visualizing Results

Visualizing Results

Report Results http://iaspub.epa.gov/storpubl/storet_wme_pkg.Display_Station?p_station_id=SP-64&p_org_id=MWRD

Report Results http://iaspub.epa.gov/stormoda/DW_resultcriteria_station http://iaspub.epa.gov/webservices/StoretResultService/index.html?operation=getResults

Kendall Trend Analysis for pH

Kendall Trend Analysis for Temperature

Kendall Trend Analysis for Dissolved Oxygen

Kendall Trend Analysis for Total Suspended Solids

Kendall Trend Analysis for Turbidity

Kendall Trend Analysis for Cadmium

Kendall Trend Analysis for Zinc

Indexing STORET stations to the NHD can expand modernity of pattern investigations Group destinations in respect to upstream NPDES releases Group utilizing Horton-Strahler stream orders Group as far as landcover examples utilizing NHDPlus LU/LC raster information

Indexing and consolidating station comes about

Next Steps Additional work on "pre-preparing" STORET station information to center consideration on stations with enough "information thickness" to bolster drift examinations Develop an "information shop" of R pattern examination comes about – including spared pictures of disperse plots after some time from R Consider ways slant investigations can bolster either ace dynamic investigation of hostile to debasement impacts [ Goal: identify corruption slant right off the bat and consider administration ventures to abstain from ending up with extra 303(d) lists] Also – utilize incline examinations as an apparatus to archive incremental advance in meeting targets built up under WQ Standards or the TMDL program