PM 2.5 Continuous Methods

Presentation Transcript

PM 2.5 Continuous Methods Lynnwood, Washington Site

Study Objectives To share data with respect to Continuous Fine Particle Monitoring versus the Federal Reference Method for PM 2.5 at a Woodsmoke Impacted Site To explicitly analyze the advancements utilized by merchants in persistent fine molecule checking To help us in Long Term Network Management Decisions Which Device (s) would it be advisable for us to put resources into for future Fine Particle Monitoring for Woodsmoke Impacted Areas?

Abstract The Puget Sound Clean Air Agency has a long history of utilizing ceaseless fine molecule screens in the Seattle Metropolitan Area. In a progressing constant change exertion, we have utilized a site in a wood smoke affected region to test new innovations for consistent fine molecule checking. This introduction is an information refresh concentrate both the specialized information issues of intercomparison and quality confirmation, and the commonsense issues of support and operations between different samplers including the Rupprecht & Patashnik TEOM (decreased component swaying microbalance), the TEOM FDMS (channel flow estimation framework), the Radiance Research Nephelometer, and the Met-One 1020 BAM (beta weakening screen) and E-BAM. The standard PM 2.5 technique that will be utilized for examination is the Federal Reference Method.

Lynnwood, Washington Site Lynnwood Site

Detailed Site Description Lynnwood Monitoring Site

2003 Study Design In 2003, we gathered information: FRM PM 2.5 - 1 in 6 TEOM PM 2.5 Nephelometer PM 2.5 TEOM FDMS PM 2.5 Looking for a measure of execution with critical vaporized instability

Regression: Continuous versus FRM 2003

Time Series: First Half of 2003

Time Series: Second Half of 2003

Statistics – Annual Averages

2004 Study Design Look at "Wood Smoke" Season contrasting: FRM PM 2.5 - 1 in 3 TEOM PM 2.5 Nephelometer PM 2.5 TEOM FDMS PM 2.5 Met-One BAM PM 2.5 Met-One E-BAM PM 2.5

Aethalometer Experience Dual Channel Aethalometer Project target: to take in more about nature of Carbon Aerosol Some Surprising outcomes… Darrington, WA Sampling Site High Concentration of Wood Smoke

Darrington, Washington

Darrington High School

Dual Channel Aethalometer Graphic

Daily Averages

Hourly Averages

U. of Washington Diesel Exposure Lab Testing Aethalometer Pilot Experiment

Opportunity UW Diesel Exposure Laboratory Health Studies: Humans and Mice Principal Investigator – Dr. Joel Kaufman, MD, MPH Engineering Investigator – Dr. Tim Larson, PHD Diesel motor Current model turbocharged coordinate infusion 5.9 liter Cummins B-arrangement motor (6BT5.9G6, Cummins, Inc., Columbus, IN). 100 kW generator set. Similar to conveyance trucks and school transports. Fuel is #2 un-colored on-expressway fuel from a business source

Visual 30x20x8 foot chamber with instrumentation Diesel Engine outside: Controlled introduction chamber inside.

Initial Study Questions What will the Aethalometer measure when we open it to this Acute, High Pollution Level Environment? What will the proportion be between the PM 2.5 DPM being measured by the TEOM and the PM 2.5 BC being measured by the Aethalometer? How Variable? By what means will the Nephelometer estimations identify with the estimations brought with alternate gadgets? What will the BC and UV channel demonstrate us about the way of the Diesel Particulate Matter?

Study Objectives Learn more about both channels of the Aethalometer by testing it in the Diesel Exposure Lab Learn about the Maximum Limits of the Aethalometer Learn about the linearity of the Aethalometer over an extensive variety of exposures Learn about the relationship between the BC and UV channels Learn more about the TEOM and NEPH in the Diesel Exposure Lab

Method Monitored Air in the chamber utilizing TEOM, NEPH, and double channel Aethalometer at different levels of Total PM 2.5 (for this situation, add up to Diesel Particulate Matter) Experiment kept going 9 weeks Gathered information on 7 sessions of chance amid those 9 weeks We could approve 5 of those sessions (to a great degree abnormal states brought on instrument glitch) Assumption: TEOM is our Standard PM 2.5 gadget for this examination. Verifiably, we have demonstrated that both the TEOM PM 2.5 gadget, and the Nephelometer have phenomenal connections with the PM 2.5 Federal Reference Method.

Time Synch Problem Time Synch Problem: The instrument's checks were not in sync. For examination, we utilized the TEOM's chance standard and subjectively balanced the other gadgets' information appropriately to sync the time. Information Resolution Limiting Factor: Aethalometer 5 minute Averages. For examination, we ascertained 5 minute normal information for each of the 3 gadgets.

PSCAA Method to Convert Bscat to PM 2.5 for Ambient Air We utilize a wide system of Nephelometers to screen PM 2.5 in Snohomish, King, Pierce, and Kitsap Counties. We utilize a 24 Hour Average Correlation Factor to change over from Bscat to PM 2.5. We have utilized nephelometer to PM 2.5 Federal Reference Method recorded information (24 Hr Averages) to compute these variables. Illustrations:

Data Sets - Comparisons

Neph and TEOM Discussion The direct straight relationship appeared between the Nephelometer and the TEOM demonstrate that they both distinguish and measure Diesel Particulate Matter. In view of the light scrambling properties of DPM, there is an alternate relationship (slant) than what we would find in the surrounding air when more than just DPM is being measured. Particles from different sources have other light dissipating properties. Diesel particles disperse a great deal less light than the encompassing PM 2.5 particles that we find in the surrounding air.

Data Slides

Data Sets - Comparisons Neph Bscat Axis

Data Sets - Comparisons Neph Bscat Axis

Data Sets - Comparisons Neph Bscat Axis

Data Sets - Comparisons Neph Bscat Axis

Data Sets - Comparisons Neph Bscat Axis

Data Analysis

Aethalometer BC and TEOM

Aethalometer BC and Neph

Diesel Particulate Matter UV/BC Ratio UV/BC Ratio is a way to subjectively separate between Wood Smoke sort Black Carbon and Diesel sort Black Carbon. Illustrations: Wood Smoke Darrington Site UV/BC Ratios was 1.93 Diesel UV/BC Ratio controlled by this review 0.76 Darrington Wood Smoke Site Univ Wash Diesel Chamber

Pilot Study Preliminary Findings When checking fine particles from a particular diesel source, the light scrambling instrument (Nephelometer) and the light ingestion instrument (Aethalometer) yield distinctive outcomes than what we find in the surrounding climate. DPM Particles retain light at 880 nm. DPM Particles dissipate less light than other PM 2.5 particles when measuring with the Nephelometer. The Aethalometer BC channel makes a genuinely decent showing with regards to measuring DPM particles as far as m g/m 3 when contrasted with the PM 2.5 TEOM. Joined with the learning of results at our wood smoke ruled locales, the UV channel makes a decent showing with regards to recognizing the distinction between the wood smoke created PM 2.5 particles and the DPM produced PM 2.5 particles

Aeth execution – Precision & Accuracy Aethalometer (s/n 451) Performance Verification: We co-found another Aeth (s/n 517) for a time of 2 weeks. Stream Checks Completed to take out Flow Inaccuracy from examination Evaluated the instrument to instrument exactness and precision for these two weeks which included 1 abnormal state diesel introduction. Conclusions: Precision (R2) inside PM 2.5 nonstop observing gauges Bias (Accuracy) outside typical PM 2.5 checking measures (10%) Unable to Calibrate Device Optics

Maintenance Issues Federal Reference Method (1 in 3) Use R&P 2025 Sequential Samplers Problems with Leak Checks Going into Stop Mode causes a great deal of channel information recovery and channel trade issues R&P TEOM or potentially TEOM FDMS (Continuous) Generally, R&P is great about Service and Manuals We invest more energy investigating these than what is alluring, however we have had great information culmination numbers. Brilliance Research Nephelometers (Continuous) Technology and Device exceptionally surely knew. Benefit from Radiance Research needs Met-One Beta Attenuation Monitors (Semi-Continuous) Met One Service great Problems with Leak Checks and Flow Checks New to us, so we're getting used to the Software Interfaces.

Summary 2003 Data recommends that the FDMS (Filter Dynamics Measurement System) sees vaporized that perhaps volatilize from other examining frameworks For instance: Nephelometer utilizes a warmed test to thump out the dampness impacts that we find in certain natural conditions TEOM is warmed to 50 ° C in Summer and 30 ° C in Winter to keep up a steady working temperature for more predictable estimation FRM is kept close encompassing by it's interior pump, yet there could be volatiles that fall off the channels before they are said something the research facility.

Summary All of the gadgets appear to make a dependable showing with regards to No one gadget is great! Deciding system choices Know the client Cost and operation