Part 4: The Fall of Tsarism

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Section 4: The Fall of Tsarism Revolution

What is a Revolution? A total change in the way things are done (Agricultural Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Russian Revolution) Sometimes quiet Sometimes vicious Russian Revolution = the oust of the Tsar's legislature and the foundation of Communist Rule

Karl Marx Spontaneous unrest of the regular workers "Let the decision classes tremble at the possibility of a socialist upheaval. Proletarians have nothing to lose except for their chains. They have the world to win. Proletarians of all grounds, join together!" Vladimir Lenin Planned unrest by expert progressives Revolution of every single persecuted class of society Events and Personalities Leading up the 1917 Revolution

Not a solid pioneer Did not keep guarantees made to build individual flexibilities (free discourse, opportunity of religion, opportunity of development, opportunity of dialect) Easily impacted by Rasputin Did not give DUMA (national parliament, much power) Tsar Nicholas II

Bloody Sunday Unarmed laborers, drove by Father Gapon, walked to Winter Palace singing, "God Save the Czar" conveying appeal asking for shorter work days, the lowest pay permitted by law, calling of a constituent get together to make a constitution for Russia. Royal residence Guards shot upon group murdering hundreds, harming thousands (without requests) Bond amongst Czar and his kin broken everlastingly

World War I Russia caught off guard for war insufficient supplies (nourishment, weapons, apparel) Army inadequately sorted out Soldiers didn't comprehend why they were battling Tsar Nicholas II and his clergymen gave poor administration and association

Events of the Revolution February 1917 Spontaneous uprising of workers Protesting deficiency of bread: Industrial strikes Tramcars (city travel) forceably quit Breaking of shop windows Waving warnings that read, "Down with war!"

Revolutionaries Take Over When progressive pioneers understood the transformation was really happening, they attempted to arrange the occasions to their advantage. Pioneers of Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, and Social Revolutionaries all consolidated calling a three-day general strike At slightest 60,000 warriors join the progressives These pioneers, together with troopers set up a Soviet (committee) Take control of Petrograd (St. Petersburg) Duma defies Tsar's requests to disintegrate and frame the Provisional Government to run Russia Tsar Nicholas II ventures down for his child, Alexis, with Tsar's sibling going about as official Tsar's sibling declines progression Romanov line to Russian position of royalty closures Romanov family put under house capture (kept to royal residence) Russia now administered by a Provisional Government

Provisional Government Declared every Russian national equivalent Freedom of discourse, religion, press, and get together given to all subjects Unions and strikes lawful Planned on proceeding with war Provisional Government made these guarantees, yet solicited individuals to hold up People tired from holding up and listened increasingly to the progressives

Alexander Kerensky Leader of little communist gathering turned into Russia's Prime Minister in July Wanted to set up Parliamentary Democracy Well instructed and a fantastic speaker, he needed solid authority capacities

Kornilov Affair General Kornilov endeavored to oust Provisional Government with military takeover To keep this takeover, Kerensky liberated numerous Bolshevik pioneers from jail and provided arms to numerous progressives

Bolsheviks Believed that a little gathering of prepared progressives could lead the laborers to topple the tsar and set up communism in Russia Led by Lenin Tried to draw in the general population with trademarks like, "All Power to the Soviets" and "Bread, Peace, and Freedom"

Bolshevik Revolution By end of September, there was far reaching worker disobedience in Russia Lenin left Finland in mask and went to a mystery Bolshevik meeting in Petrograd Bolsheviks held mass gatherings with thousands in participation Kerensky proclaims Russia to be in a highly sensitive situation and requests capture of Trotsky and other Bolshevik pioneers

Events of Bolshevik Revolution Cruiser Aurora tunes in to Trotskey and ignores Governments request to go out to ocean Trotsky arranges the expulsion of thousands of firearms from the Fortress of Peter and Paul to arm the Red Guards (Bolshevik troops) Small groups of equipped Bolsheviks seize critical structures (rail stations, transmit trades, banks, printing plants, and powerhouses). Most regiments in Petrograd did not get included. Trotsky proclaims Provisional Government toppled, control now in hands of Soviets Kerensky escapes in American Embassy auto Bolshevik troops encompass Winter Palace and offer final proposal to surrender or be shelled; pastors would not surrender Cruiser Aurora shoots empty shell shells at Winter Palace to flag start of assault Bolsheviks (made out of officers, mariners, and specialists) storm Winter Palace Bolsheviks experience little resistance, mass disarray however couple of wounds Bolsheviks control Government, Lenin was new pioneer

How Did Bolsheviks Win? Kerensky not a solid pioneer Provisional Government disrupted Other gatherings not as sorted out as Bolsheviks made out of expert progressives devoted to their objectives and equipped for doing them

What Did Lenin Do Upon Coming to Power? Promptly proposed a conclusion to War (WWI) (what laborers needed most was peace) Proposed the dispersion of all land to workers, landowners would not be paid for land taken from them Lenin's proposition received

After the Revolution Bolsheviks experienced firm resistance in a few urban areas Bolsheviks vanquished in Kiev (Ukraine) Bolshevik power frail in Siberia, Georgia, Armenia, and Central Asia Strongest in Central Russia and in vast urban areas where numerous specialists lived

Democracy? November 25 races held to shape Constituent Assembly in Russia Socialist Revolutionary Party got more than double the votes of the Bolshevik Party (laborers preferred SRP's concept of laborer responsibility for) When Constituent Assembly met on January 18, 1918, Bolsheviks posted their warriors at the doorways keeping numerous Socialist Revolutionaries from entering During meeting, Bolsheviks were dislocated and prevailing with regards to shutting down the get together Russia's first shot at majority rules system fleeting

Ending WWI Bolsheviks required worker support to remain in power Lenin chose to get Russia out of WWI and send laborer officers home In March of 1918, Lenin marked settlement with Germany tolerating German control of Ukraine, Belorussia, the Baltics, and Finland Russia lost more than one fourth of its farmland and 33% of its populace, all its coal mines, and the greater part its businesses Huge misfortune to Russia's economy

Civil War After marking peace bargain, Bolsheviks confronted outfitted imperviousness to their run Civil war kept going from 1918 to 1921 Some non-Russian nationalities waged war to win autonomy from Russia Great Britain, France, and the USA sent troops to Russia to thrashing Bolsheviks since they didn't need these thoughts of upset spread the world over Fight by Bolsheviks to build up socialism in Russia, which was renamed the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (USSR) in 1918 Bolsheviks changed their name to the Communist Part Bolsheviks crushed their foe's in 1921

Bolshevik Success Their foe was not joined Trotsky made an efficient and restrained armed force expanding the span of the Red Army by recruiting a huge number of specialists and laborers and in addition previous Tsarist troopers Bolsheviks expanded their support among laborers and workers by promising area and a brighter future Used fear against rivals In recently vanquished zones, Bolsheviks utilized mystery police to devastate all resistance, capturing and executing individuals on the spot

Results of Civil War Much of Russia in remnants Cities, arrive, industrial facilities annihilated after very nearly eight years of battling Millions kicked the bucket or fled nation Bolsheviks had mammoth undertaking of reconstructing nation

End of Romanovs Taken to Western Siberia After Bolsheviks took influence taken to Ekaterinburg (in Ural Mountains) Lenin sent wire approving their execution Taken to basement at 1:30 a.m. with family specialist and hirelings Nicholas and Alexandra fell first under the hail of shots Bullets skiped off the girls, precious stones found in their bodices Those who survived the slugs were killed by pikes Bodies stacked onto truck, stripped of gems, tossed into a Mine not sufficiently profound to conceal them, bodies dumped into a pit in a mucky region Even the family puppy was killed

Chapter Project Write a memoir on either Leon Trotsky or Vladimir Lenin Write a story from the point of view of Lenin, an individual from the imperial family, a progressive, Kerensky, a worker recruited to battle for the Red Army enumerating the occasions of the fall of Tsarism Create a photo book (that additionally makes them compose/inscriptions) which arrangements the huge occasions of the fall of Tsarism Create a progression of daily paper front pages taking after the huge occasions of the fall of Tsarism Project Due Date: Wednesday, February 4, 2004

Possible References: This PowerPoint Your course book The accompanying sites: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_revolution http://www.historyguide.org/europe/lecture6.html http://www.historyguide.org/europe/lecture7.html http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/EastEurope/OctRev.html http://www.marxists.org/file/lenin/http://www.encyclopedia.com/searchpool.asp?target=@DOCTITLE%20Lenin%20%20Vladimir%20Ilyich http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSlenin.htm en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.shtml www.pbs.org/weta/faceofrussia/timetable/