Morals and Leadership

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Morals and Leadership

Outline Moral Development Freudian Theory Kohlberg's and Gilligan's Levels Social Learning Theory

Psychodynamic Theory  Sigmund Freud: Three section development of personality  Id Home of primitive bestial vitality and subliminal drives, for example, hunger and sex.    Ego The cognizant, levelheaded part of identity which intervenes between the requests of the id and the behavioral desires of the world.  The conscience practices reason and rational soundness, assesses outcomes, and decides a strategy. Superego Develops between ages 3-5 – one's conscience.  A disguised feeling of ethical quality gained from one's parents.  Yields blame when disobeyed. 

Critical Assessment of Freudian Theory On what proof is Freudian hypothesis based? Freud's experience was to a great extent constrained to pained, well off women.  He never worked with kids. There is no exact confirmation supporting a hefty portion of his hypothetical builds Lacking observational check, large portions of his speculations are not unmistakably characterized or explained. 

Kohlberg's Levels Kohlberg's hypothesis has 3 levels (6 phases) of good advancement Focuses fundamentally on good values, for example, decency, equity, value, and human nobility Assessing improvement level Heinz difficulty It is the thinking of their reactions, not the appropriate response itself.

Heinz's Dilemma In Europe, a lady was close demise from a unique sort of growth. There was one medication that the specialists thought may spare her. It was a type of radium that a pharmacist in a similar town had as of late found. The medication was costly to make, however the pharmacist was charging ten circumstances what the medication cost him to make. He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a little measurements of the medication. The wiped out lady's significant other, Heinz, went to everybody he knew to get the cash, yet he could just social gathering about $ 1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the pharmacist that his significant other was biting the dust and requesting that he offer it less expensive or let him pay later. Be that as it may, the pharmacist stated: "No, I found the medication and will profit from it." So Heinz got edgy and broke into the man's store to take the medication for his significant other. Ought to the spouse have done that?

Kohlberg's Levels Morality of dynamic standards: to attest settled upon rights and individual moral standards Postconventional level Conventional level Morality of law and social tenets: to pick up endorsement or evade objection Preconventional level Morality of self-enthusiasm: to stay away from discipline or increase solid prizes

Kohlbergs Theory Level I: Preconventional Morality remotely controlled- punishment = terrible reward=good Stage I: Punishment and acquiescence introduction… . obey because of prevalent power and guidelines Fear of expert and keep away from discipline Ignore people groups aims –can not see two perspectives

Level I Kohlberg Stage II: Individualism, Instrumental reason, and trade… Immediate intrigue; what is great brings great outcomes Reciprocity starting—break even with trade of favors Start to comprehend that individuals can have alternate points of view in a predicament

Kohlberg's Theory Level II-Conventional Morality Preserving societal request - supporting connections STAGE 3: Interpersonal Expectations and Conformity "great kid/terrible young lady" keep up fondness and endorsement of noteworthy people Promotion of social amicability Begin to comprehend thought behind the brilliant lead—perfect correspondence

Level II Kohlberg STAGE 4: Social-arrange Maintenance Moral activities are characterized by bigger social gatherings—satisfy self-characterized obligations and maintain laws Societal laws contemplated and can not be broken for any reason

Kohlberg's Theory Level III: Post Conventional Morality More dynamic standards as opposed to tenets that apply to numerous circumstances STAGE 5: Social Contract Imagine contrasting options to social request, tenets are an agreement that can be changed—free and willing investment Laws should be steady with human rights

Level III Kohlberg STAGE 6: Universal Ethical Principles Self-picked morals –system of qualities and standards—regard for the value of people Respect for worth and pride of every person

Moral Development

Evaluating Kohlberg's Theory Cross-social legitimacy Non-western societies once in a while above stage 4 Socialist individuals and the Heinz issue Buddhist friars Family impacts Family assumes a vital part (disregarded in Kohlberg's model) Study of guardians conversing with kids about issues

Gender and Kohlberg's scale When Kohlberg's instrument was managed on a vast scale, it was found that females regularly scored a full stage underneath their male partners. The ethical thinking of ladies and young ladies will probably esteem searching for an answer that saved associations. This frequently resembled the "great young lady" introduction, Level 2. Gilligan's contention Men: equity and decency Women: obligation to show mind and maintain a strategic distance from mischief

Men Justice Rights Treating everybody reasonably and the same Apply governs unbiasedly to everybody Responsibility toward dynamic sets of accepted rules Women Care Responsibility Caring about everybody's affliction Preserve enthusiastic connectedness Responsibility toward genuine people Differences between Men's Moral Voices and Women's Moral Voices

Men Autonomy Freedom Independence Separateness Hierarchy Rules manage collaborations Roles set up spots in the pecking order Women Relatedness Interdependence Emotional connectedness Responsiveness to necessities of others Web of connections Empathy & connectedness control associations Roles are auxiliary to associations Differences amongst Men's and Women's View of the Self

Gilligan

Social Learning Theory Perspective Modeling and Positive Discipline Reinforcement (constructive train): Our folks show us that it regards be useful - we are remunerated for aiding and rebuffed for not displaying attributes that advance impersonation warmth and responsiveness capability and power consistency amongst affirmations and conduct Positive teach helps kids secure constructive conduct

Punishment Promotes just flashing consistence Undesirable symptoms: Adult models of animosity Learn to keep away from the rebuffing grown-up Offers prompt alleviation to guardians (fortified for utilizing coercive train), so parent will probably rebuff with more noteworthy recurrence after some time (can winding into genuine manhandle)

Social Learning Theory: Example The Salvation Army Santa Claus think about: When a confederate left a store before a SS and gave a dollar to Santa Claus, the SS will probably give a dollar himself than when there was no confederate

Social Learning Theory: Example Rushton & Campbell, 1977: SS and confederate interfaced in the lab Left the review together and passed a blood gift corner 2 conditions: Confederate volunteered to give blood or not Results: Model = 67% consented to give - 33% completed No model = 25% consented to give - 0% finished

Discussion How do these hypotheses of good improvement identify with the investigation of authority? Make sure to address both the pioneer and the supporter in your talk