Guideline of James I and Charles I

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Slide 1

Run of James I and Charles I Lead to War

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The Stuart Monarchy

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James I [r. 1603-1625] James I " s discourse to the House of Commons: I am amazed that my predecessors ought to ever be allowed such a foundation to appear. I am an outsider, and discovered it here when I arrived, so I am obliged to endure what I can't dispose of!

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James I [r. 1603-1625] Wanted outright power. He immediately estranged a Parliament become acclimated under the Tudors to follow up on the preface that ruler and Parliament TOGETHER managed England as a " adjust. "

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James I Follows Elizabeth (Scottish cousin) Issue-Power of Parliament Believed in total run Divine Right-power from God Answer just to God King James Bible-retranslation because of contention w/Puritans

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James I

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Quarrels with Parliament Elizabeth left obligation Parliament would not give cash James would not deal Puritans needed him to make Church of England less Catholic

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Gunpowder Plot, 1605 An endeavor by some common Catholics to slaughter King James I and the vast majority of the Protestant gentry. Explode the House of Lords amid the state opening of Parliament. Fellow Fawkes

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Executions of the Gunpowder Plotters

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Charles I Son of James I Divine Right ruler Quarrels with Parliament over $ 1626 War with Spain constrained him to Parliament-rejects when assets declined 1626/27-War with France-strengths knights and nobles to credit $ (detains the unwilling) and quarters troops in private homes

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Charles I [r. 1625-1649] Pro-services and customs. Consistency of chapel administrations forced by a congregation court. Anglican Book of Common Prayer for both England AND Scotland. Seen as too expert Catholic by the Puritans .

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Charles I & Parliament Constantly at war with Spain and France. Continuously require £, yet how to get it?? Generally Parliament would give Charles £ from duties to reserve his wars. Occasionally, Parliament would deny reserves. Consequently, Charles would break up Parliament and attempt to lead England without it  discover finances in different ways. Constrained " advances, " offering refined titles, and so on

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Charles I

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Problems proceed… 1628 Charles reviews Parliament-budgetary need Money be given in kind for Petition of Right Petition of Right Parliament " s assent for assessments Imprison just with cause No military law in peacetime No quartering of troopers

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Problems proceed with… Petition acknowledged not trusted it would be taken after 1629 Result-Parliament broke up (not called for a long time) King picked up cash through fines and charges (trusted demonstrations of conspiracy) Result: fame declined

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Charles I and Religion Charles calls Parliament Why? Required assets for war Response? Parliament declines unless King addresses their requests Results? Lord breaks up Parliament (Short Parliament)

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Charles I and Religion Charles compelled to call Parliament for cash to meet new risk Long Parliament limits Kings control assent for assessments, Parliament gatherings, Court of Star Chamber Revolt in Ireland-$ for concealment Parliament promote separated

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The " Long " Parliament In session from 1640 to 1660. . Triennial Act passed  Parliament must be brought in session at any rate once every 3 yrs. Parliament can " t be suspended without its own particular assent! Charles goes into the House of Commons to end the session and capture 5 MPs  unsuccessful Charles travels north to frame an armed force!

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English Civil War

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English Civil War The 2 sides: Cavaliers-faithful to King (nobles, church authorities) Roundheads-Puritan townspeople, shippers Cavaliers-experienced military, 75% of land 1644 Oliver Cromwell takes control of Roundheads (trusted they had God " s bolster)

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Oliver Cromwell

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English Civil War Most individuals did NOT get included in war Destruction of war-individuals turn out to be more radical 1646 Cromwell " s New Model Army vanquished the King " s strengths Tried to disband armed force occupation was done Strongly radical Puritan, more radical than Parliament

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English Civil War Result: some Parliament individuals get together with ruler Cromwell crushed them & took King hostage Cromwell and armed force walk to London 143 individuals/Scots of House of Commons removed (Pride " s Purge) Charles I attempted & guillotined/Rump Parliament First time Monarch attempted with authority execution

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The Puritan Commonwealth [1649-1653] Cromwell rules with the Rump Parliament. Sacred Republic Created a constitution  Instrument of Government An official [Cromwell] A Council of State  every year chose the board of Parliament. No ruler. Europe is dismayed  different countries wear " t remember it.

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Rebels inside a Rebellion: Levelers John Lilburne was their pioneer. The Agreement of the People was their political declaration. Annul defilement inside the Parliament & legal process. Toleration of religious contrasts. Laws written in the vernacular. All inclusive suffrage as a " characteristic right. "

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The Protectorate [1653-1660] Cromwell tears up the inadequate Constitution. Rejects the Rump Parliament and standards with the support of the military. Announces military law. Military tyrant. Religious resilience for all [esp. for Jews], with the exception of Catholics. Smashes an insubordination in Scotland. Squashes a defiance among the Catholics of Ireland  slaughters 40% of all ethnic Irish!

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Charles II and James II " s Rule Lead to the Glorious Revolution

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Charles II and Restoration Monarchy reestablished Not a Divine Right Ruler (1600-1685) Middle ground with religion Religious flexibility to Puritans and Catholics made issues with Parliament Church of England-just lawful religion

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Charles II

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Charles II and Restoration 1679 Parliament passes " Habeas Corpus " - ensures opportunities (right to trial) No more captures for resistance to ruler Money and religion will demolish him (same as father and granddad)

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Charles II and Money insufficient cash from Parliament Turns to Catholic King Louis XIV of France for cash Secret assention: Charles would get to be Catholic in future

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Charles II and Religion People knew of Charles Catholic propensities NO HEIR (child)- sibling James II (beneficiary) was transparently Catholic Led to arrangement of political gatherings Whigs-James " adversaries Tories-James " supporters

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Great London Plague, 1665

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Great London Fire, 1666

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King Charles II [ r. 1660-1685 ] 1673  Test Act Parliament avoided everything except Anglicans from non military personnel and military positions. [to the Anglican upper class, the Puritans were considered " radicals " and the Catholics were viewed as " swindlers! " ] 1679  Habeas Corpus Act Any treacherously detained people could get a writ of habeas corpus convincing the govt. to clarify why he had lost his freedom.

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James II Divine Right Ruler-no assent from Parliament Had Tories bolster until he selected Catholics to high office Violate laws go by Restoration Parliament Reaction: James disintegrates Parliament and won " t call another

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James II

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Unhappy Protestants 1687 James declares govt. presents open on Catholics and Protestants 13,000 warriors positioned outside London-change state religion to Catholicism 1688 James had child dread of Catholic line of lords (second spouse)

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Protestants " Plan Mary, little girl of first wife, wedded to William of Orange – welcomed to oust James II They acknowledged Nobody attempted to stop William and troops James left for France Glorious Revolution (bloodless) William and Mary perceived Parliament as driving accomplice in decision

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English Bill of Rights [ 1689 ] It settled the greater part of the significant issues between King & Parliament. It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of Rights. It additionally framed a base for the relentless extension of common freedoms in the 18 c and mid 19 c in England.

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English Bill of Rights [ 1689 ] Main arrangements : The King couldn't suspend the operation of laws. The King couldn't meddle with the normal course of equity. No expenses required or standard armed force kept up in peacetime without Parliament " s assent. The right to speak freely in Parliament. Sessions of Parliament would be held much of the time. Subjects had the privilege of safeguard, request, and flexibility from unreasonable fines and remorseless and strange discipline. The ruler must be a Protestant. Flexibility from discretionary capture. Restriction of the press was dropped. Religious toleration .

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Growth of Parliament " s Power

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Parliament is Strengthened Puritans irritated by Elizabeth Active in legislative issues: House of Commons talked up Stepped up additional with administer of Charles II (not Divine Right ruler) Got included over successor of James II Went to William and Mary: around force of lord

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Under William and Mary 1689 Parliament drafts Bill of Rights Things ruler couldn't do Parliament had certain rights: Laws couldn't be suspended Approval of duties Freedom of discourse No standing armed force No unreasonable safeguard

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British Government

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Great Britain Ireland Scotland Wales England

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Constitutional Monarchy

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Constitutional Monarchy Began – 1688 Glorious Rev. Most Progressive Ruler restricted by law Monarch required Parliament " s assent Parliament required ruler " s assent

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Previous Limits 1215 Magna Carta King John limits lord " s control English Bill of Rights Secured Constitutional Monarchy

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Parliament

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