COURSE UPDATE

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COURSE UPDATE Final MAE 4291 Senior Design 1 Presentations: November 3 and 5 Same arrangement as Mid-Term Updates (points of interest to come) Reverse request from Mid-Term Updates (?) or do you lean toward something else? Send a draft by November 1 and I will survey Answers to Mid-Term Briefing Questions what number groups still need to turn this in? Put together by Wednesday at 11am? I might want to pass these out the whole class Hazard Analysis due 10/15 I'm getting criticism from Greg Peebles this week Human Safety Analysis Originally due on 11/3 (when last presentations were later) Now due on 11/10 (are groups OK with this or additional time?)

OVERVIEW Important part of plan for aviation, mechanical, electrical, warm, concoction or different applications is determination of best materials Systematic choice of best material for a given application for the most part relies on upon 2 viewpoints: Properties Cost A couple of cases: Thermal cover must have poor warm conductivity so as to minimize warm exchange for a given temperature distinction Large measures of copper in superconducting magnets: copper required for low resistance way for expansive streams in the event that superconductivity lost Samarium-Cobalt Permanent Magnets on DS-1 SR-71 structure: 85% titanium and 15% composite Hummer protective layer – should it be solid or redirect against a bomb impact

ROD VERSUS PLATES Systematic choice for applications requiring numerous criteria is more intricate Example 1: Rod Design a pole that is firm and light-weight Requires a material with high Young's modulus and low thickness If pole pulled in pressure, particular modulus, or modulus isolated by thickness E/ρ, will decide best material Example 2: Plate Design a plate that is hardened and light-weight Plate's bowing firmness scales with thickness cubed Best material for a hardened and light plate is dictated by 3D square base of solidness separated thickness ³√E/r

ASHBY PLOTS Ashby plot is a diffuse plot which shows at least two properties of a materials Example of firm, light part would have Young's modulus on one hub and thickness on different hub, with one information point on diagram for every competitor material On such a plot, it is anything but difficult to discover not just material with most astounding solidness or most minimal thickness, however that with best proportion E/ρ. Ashby plot on next slide indicates thickness versus Young's modulus Metals are spoken to by blue squares, pottery by green, and polymers by red Using a log scale on both tomahawks encourages determination of material with best plate solidness ³√E/r . Second plot indicates same materials qualities for a database of approx 100 Materials families (polymers, froths, metals, and so on.) are distinguished by the bigger shaded air pockets

EXAMPLE OF ASHBY PLOT METALS CERAMICS POLYMERS

EXAMPLE OF ASHBY PLOT

MATERIALS SELECTION RESOURCES http://www-materials.eng.cam.ac.uk/mpsite/interactive_charts/Excellent plots of properties for different materials and helpful for watching essential patterns "Float" over material name to see points of interest inside materials sub-class Think about how every graph can be utilized as a part of a designing setting http://www.matweb.com/index.aspx http://www.matweb.com/apparatuses/contents.aspx Probably the most exhaustive materials database ever made Worth spending a couple of hours filtering and surfing this webpage in readiness for selecting materials for your venture

YOUNG'S MODULUS VS. Taken a toll

STRENGTH VS. Thickness

STRENGTH VS. Fetched

STRENGTH VS. Greatest SERVICE TEMPERATURE

COST ISSUES Cost of materials assumes an exceptionally huge part in their choice Most clear approach to weight cost against properties is to build up a money related metric for properties of parts For instance, life cycle evaluation can demonstrate that decreasing weight of an auto by 1 kg midpoints around $5, so material substitution which lessens weight of an auto can cost up to $5 per kilogram of weight diminishment more than unique material For business flying machine: $450/kg Spacecraft: $20,000/kg However, topography and time-reliance of vitality, support and other working expenses, and variety in rebate rates and use designs (remove driven every year in this case) between people, implies that there is no single right number for this

COST ISSUES As vitality costs increment and innovation enhanced, autos have substituted expanding measures of light weight magnesium and aluminum compounds for steel Aircraft are substituting carbon fiber strengthened plastic and titanium amalgams for aluminum Satellites have for some time been made out of colorful composite materials. Taken a toll for each kg is not just essential consider material determination An imperative idea is 'cost per unit of capacity'. For instance, if key outline goal was firmness of a plate of material, then planner would require a material with ideal mix of thickness, Young's modulus, and cost Optimizing complex mixes of specialized and cost properties is a hard procedure to accomplish physically, so sane material determination programming is a vital instrument – yet gives see what we a chance to can do by hand…

BOEING 747 VERSUS 787: COMPOSITES

BOEING 787 MATERIALS DETAILS First real carrier to utilize composite materials for the greater part of its development Boeing claims the 787 will be no less than 20% more fuel-effective than current contending airplane 33% of the productivity pick up will originate from the motors another third from streamlined upgrades expanded utilization of lighter weight composite materials, and the last third from cutting edge frameworks The 787 elements lighter-weight development. Its materials (by weight) are: half composite, 20% aluminum, 15% titanium, 10% steel, 5% other.[75] Composite materials are altogether lighter and more grounded than conventional air ship materials, making the 787 a light flying machine for its capabilities.[76] By volume, the 787 will be 80% composite. Each 787 contains around 35 tons of carbon fiber strengthened plastic, made with 23 tons of carbon fiber.[77] Composites are utilized on fuselage, wings, tail, entryways, and inside. Aluminum is utilized on wing and tail driving edges, titanium utilized for the most part on motors with steel utilized as a part of different spots Higher stickiness in the traveler lodge is conceivable due to the utilization of composites (which don't erode). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_787

BOEING 787 MATERIALS DETAILS The 787's all-composite fuselage makes it the principal composite aircraft underway. While the Boeing 777 contains half aluminum and 12% composites, the numbers for the new plane are 15% aluminum, half composite (for the most part carbon fiber fortified plastic) and 12% titanium. Every fuselage barrel will be fabricated in one piece, and the barrel segments joined end to end to shape the fuselage. This will take out the requirement for around 50,000 clasp utilized as a part of traditional plane building. As indicated by the maker the composite is likewise more grounded, permitting a higher compartment pressurization amid flight contrasted with aluminum. It was recommended by numerous that the dangers of having a composite fuselage have not been completely surveyed and ought not be endeavored. It was likewise included that carbon fiber, not at all like metal, does not obviously demonstrate breaks and weariness and repairing any harm done to the flying machine would not be easy.[96] Boeing has rejected such ideas, demanding that composites have been utilized on wings and other traveler air ship parts for a long time and they have not been an issue. They have additionally expressed that unique deformity identification methodology will be set up to distinguish any potential shrouded harm. Another worry emerges from the danger of lightning strikes. The 787 fuselage's composite could have as much as 1,000 times the electrical resistance of aluminum, expanding the danger of harm amid a lightning strike In 2006, Boeing propelled the 787 GoldCare program. This is a discretionary, thorough life-cycle administration benefit whereby flying machine in the program are routinely checked and repaired as required. This is the main program of its kind from Boeing: Post-deal assurance projects are not new, but rather have normally been offered by outsider administration focuses. Boeing is likewise planning and testing composite equipment so reviews are for the most part visual. This will decrease the requirement for ultrasonic and other non-visual investigation techniques, sparing time and cash

BOEING 787 MATERIALS DETAILS According to Boeing Vice President Jeff Hawk, who heads the push to guarantee the 787 for carrier benefit, a crash test including a vertical drop of an incomplete fuselage segment from around 15 feet onto a one creep thick steel plate proceeded as arranged August 23, 2007 in Mesa, Arizona. Boeing spokeperson Lori Gunter expressed on September 6, 2007 that outcomes coordinated what Boeing's designers had anticipated. Thus the organization can display different crash situations utilizing computational investigation instead of performing more tests on genuine bits of the plane However, it has additionally been proposed by a let go Boeing engineer that in case of a crash arrival, survivable in a metal plane, the composite fuselage could smash and smolder with harmful exhaust Boeing had been attempting to trim abundance weight since get together of the main airframe started in 2006. This is run of the mill for new air ship amid their advancement stage. The initial six 787s, which are to be utilized as a feature of the test program, will be overweight as indicated by Boeing Commercial Airplanes CEO Scott Carson. After the flight test program, these air ship will be conveyed to carrier clients All Nippon Airways, Northwest Airlines and Royal Air Maroc at hypothesized further than regular discounts.[107] The initial 787 is required to be 5,000 lb (2,270 kg) overweight. The seventh and ensuing air ship will be the initially upgraded 787s and are relied upon to meet all goals.[108] Boeing has overhauled a few sections and made more utilization of titanium.[38] According to ILFC's Steven Udva