Control of Airborne Respirable Dust Hazards: A Training Program for Underground Coal Miners

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Control of Airborne Respirable Dust Hazards: A Training Program for Underground Coal Miners Penn State The Penn State Miner Training Program University Park, PA 16802 Raja V. Ramani, Ph.D., P.E, C.M.S.P. Check C. Radomsky, Ph.D. MPA, C.M.S.P. Joseph P. Flick, M.S., C.M.S.P. Walk 31, 2003

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH GENERIC MINERAL TECHNOLOGY CENTER ON RESPIRABLE DUST PENNSYLVANIA BUREAU OF DEEP MINE SAFETY

RESPIRABLE DUST TRAINING PROGRAM Section 2 HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Breathing Process Breathing is basic for living Humans very still inhale around 10 to 12 times each moment Air we take in mines must contain no less than 19.5% Oxygen must not contain over 0.5% Carbon Dioxide has restrains on numerous different gasses and tidies found in the mines

Human Respiratory System Is an extremely complex framework comprising of the nose and mouth, windpipe, bronchial tubes, lungs, bronchioles and alveoli. Alveoli are encompassed by supply routes and veins where gas trade happens. Breathing substances that are destructive or in sums not normally experienced in the air can make wounds the framework.

The fundamental capacity of the lungs is to give oxygen to the body, and dispense with carbon dioxide. The normal individual takes in around eight liters of air for each moment The normal individual uses around 250 milliliters of oxygen for every moment Liters Milliliters

Breathing Basics Air In Air is taken in through the nose as well as mouth Air enters the windpipe ( trachea ) Air goes down the windpipe (trachea) to the lungs. Trachea

Breathing Basics Bronchial Tubes The trachea separates into two bronchial tubes , and a bronchial tube enters every lung The bronchial tube in every lung isolates and fans out commonly shaping dynamically littler bronchial tubes called Bronchioles

Breathing Basics At the finish of the bronchioles are little air sacs called alveoli There are a great many alveoli in the human lungs The alveoli are encompassed by extremely modest corridors and veins This is the place oxygen is given to the circulatory system Alveoli

Breathing Basics Oxygen is given to the circulatory system to be utilized, and carbon dioxide enters the alveoli to be breathed out of the body The oxygen given to the circulation system is conveyed to different cells and organs. This procedure is known as "Oxygen Transport"

Without Oxygen… Without oxygen transport, we would bite the dust in minutes Carbon Dioxide out Oxygen in

Respiratory System Defensive Mechanisms Nose, Mouth, Trachea, and Bronchial Tubes all assume a noteworthy part in emptying breathed in dust and keeping it from achieving the alveoli Special Cells in Alveoli ( Macrophages ) engulf and attempt to process the littlest particles that enter this area

Respiratory System Defensive Mechanisms The respiratory framework has a detailed safeguard system to attempt and permit just clean air to achieve the lungs The nose controls (warms/cools) the temperature of breathed in air The nose saturates breathed in air Small hairs in the nose trap particles for clearing

Respiratory System Defensive Mechanisms The nose, trachea, and bigger bronchial tubes have cells with minor hair-like strands called "Cilia" that range in an upward bearing to attempt and clear breathed in particles The nose, trachea, and bigger bronchial tubes are fixed with a bodily fluid material which traps breathed in particles. This bodily fluid is moved by the cilia to attempt and clear breathed in particles. Cilia

Dust Respiratory System Defensive Mechanisms The procedure of the cilia and the bodily fluid cooperating to breadth and transport breathed in particles upward is known as the "Mucociliary Escalator" It works much like a human respiratory conveyor belt Dust is Ingested or Evacuated

Respiratory System Defensive Mechanisms There are unique cells in the alveoli called "Macrophages" that inundate and attempt to process the extremely littlest particles that have evaded all resistance organizes Some substances, similar to coal and silica, can harm the macrophages Be caring to your macrophages! Try not to over-burden them with tidy!

Respiratory System Defensive Mechanisms Only the extremely littlest particles can really enter the alveoli A little molecule size is measured in microns. A micron is communicated as ( u m) The littlest molecule that the human eye can see is around 40 microns A human hair is around 50-70 microns thick

Respirable Versus Visible Particle Size <10 microns Respirable clean: <1 micron to roughly 10 microns. Equipped for being breathed in profound into the respiratory tract and alveoli. Imperceptible to the human eye. Noticeable clean: roughly 40 microns. 40+ microns

The particles that can bring about ailment and illness are small to the point that you can't see them!

Proceed to Section 3 Health Hazards of Coal Mine Dust