Change

Presentation Transcript

Transformation Higher Biology

Mutation Change in structure or measure of a living being's hereditary material Change in genotype produces change in phenotype = mutant 2 sorts of transformation Chromosome transformation Change in structure of one chromosome

Chromosome changes Change in chromosome number Non-disjunction in meiosis Non-disjunction of sex chromosomes Complete non-disjunction and polyploidy

Non-disjunction amid meiosis Spindle fiber comes up short amid meiosis Members of one sets of homologous chromosomes neglect to wind up distinctly isolated 2 gametes get additional duplicate of influenced chromosome 2 gametes do not have that chromosome

Down's Syndrome Non-disjunction in chromosome 21 Occurs in human egg mother cell at least one irregular eggs framed (n = 24) Fertilized by typical sperm (n = 23) Formation of anomalous zygote (2n = 47)

Non dis-intersection of sex chromosomes

Turner's disorder Gamete with no sex chromosomes wires with ordinary X gamete Zygote has chromosome supplement 2n = 45 Individuals are female and short in stature Infertile on the grounds that ovaries haven't grown ordinarily

Klinefelter's disorder XX egg prepared by typical Y sperm or Normal X egg is treated by a XY sperm Zygote has chromosome supplement 2n = 47 (44 + XXY)

Always male Normally barren Cannot create sperm

Complete non-disjunction and polyploidy All the axle filaments in a gamete mother cell flop All homologous sets neglect to end up distinctly isolated Production of unusual diploid gametes Each contains 2 finish sets of chromosomes rather than one

Polyploidy Fertilization of strange gametes Formation of mutant plants which have finish additional arrangements of chromosomes This kind of chromosome change is called polyploidy

A: the strawberry plant is presented to a concoction B: because of the impact of compound, aggregate non-disjunction at meiosis produces diploid gametes(2n) C: two diploid gametes meld at preparation D: another plant creates which has four arrangements of chromosomes (4n)

Economic noteworthiness Polyploid plants are bigger than diploid relatives Increased seed and natural product estimate Many monetarily created edit plants are polyploid -apples -strawberries -tomatoes -wheat Give more noteworthy yields

Effects of polyploidy Uneven arrangements of chromosome -polyploidy plants are sterile Produce seedless organic product Increase in life Resistance to sickness

This powerpoint was benevolently given to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints put together by educators. This is a totally free site and requires no enrollment. If you don't mind visit and I trust it will help in your educating.