Recorded Ethnobotany The Badianus Codex – "The Little Book of Herbs"
Slide 2The Badianus Codex – "The Little Book of Herbs" Written in 1552 at College of Santa Cruz Written in Nahuatl by Aztec doctor Martin de la Cruz Translated into Latin by Aztec friar named John Badianus de la Cruz likely prepared in Aztec therapeutic practices preceding entry of Cortes in 1521 de la Cruz most likely did the works of art of plants
Slide 3Cortes initially meets the Aztecs
Slide 4Aztec healer appeared in the Florentine Codex – ca. 1540
Slide 5Ohuaxocoyolin – Native intense herb – Probably a begonia - Used to cure Glaucoma
Slide 6"The Little Book of Herbs" Detailed portrayals of utilized of 251 plant species Also employments of winged creature, creature blood and body parts Use of different earths Bezoar stones (hard discharges from guts of creatures – primarily ruminants) Other nonherbal substances Many plants utilized were psychoactive and utilized as a part of religious ceremonies and for divination additionally had therapeutic uses
Slide 7Peyote – Lophophora williamsii Huichol shaman rub on slices to counteract contamination Found to have anti-infection properties – even against penicillin safe Staphylococcus
Slide 8Aztec doctors utilized numerous types of Datura Almost all types of Datura deliver the opiate Stramonium is comprised of: Atropine – impacts heart rate Scopolamine – extensive dosages cause bewilderment, insanity, frothing at the mouth, incredible thirst, dreams, dreamless rest took after by amnesia Hyoscyamine – diminishes muscle fits, sweating
Slide 9Nexehuac – Datura ceratocaula Tolohuaxihuitl – Datura innoxia
Slide 10Jimson weed - Datura stramonium
Slide 11Jimson weed seed container - Datura stramonium
Slide 12Aztec alerts about Datura "It hurts one, takes away one's craving, enrages one, makes one besotted. He who eats it will no longer craving nourishment until he might bite the dust. What's more, on the off chance that he eats it decently, he will everlastingly be exasperates, infuriated; he will dependably be controlled, no more drawn out serene." - from the Florentine Codex by Fray Bernadino de Sahagun, ca. 1540
Slide 13Belladonna – otherwise known as Deadly nightshade – Atropa belladonna
Slide 14Cacao – Theobroma cacao Tlalcacahoatl
Slide 15Aztec employments of Cacao Woman making chocolate drink – from Codice Tudela – 16 th century
Slide 16Florentine Codex – god going to Cacao eater
Slide 17Theobroma cacao
Slide 18Cacao leaves and seeds – Theobroma cacao
Slide 19Aztecs perceived no less than four assortments of Cacao Cacahoaquiahuit – biggest, bore the biggest natural products, generally seeds. Mecacahoatl – medium tallness, organic products second biggest in size. Xochicacahoatl – littler in stature and with littler organic products with red seeds. Tlalcacahoatl – littlest of all of them and with the littlest organic products. It was thought to make the best drink. Alternate assortments were prized for seeds for cash
Slide 20Food Plants
Slide 21Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers The San Bushmen
Slide 22Torres Straits Islands
Slide 23Corn – Zea mays
Slide 24Typical Corn Growth
Slide 25Typical ear of corn
Slide 26Variation in ear size and portion shading from Mexican landraces of corn
Slide 27Teosinte – Zea diploperennis
Slide 28Ear of teosinte – Zea diploperennis
Slide 29Teosinte versus Corn Growth Teosinte Corn
Slide 30Zea mays
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